Chapter 1230: Chapter 1158: They Are Different
“Geographical profiling? Cri geography and environntal criminology? I won’t feel sleepy if you talk about this.” Liu Jinghui suddenly beca excited: “Cri analysis from the Chicago School interests as well. By the way, I have worked on similar cases using theory for related practice.”
Jiang Yuan talked while walking: “Oh, you’ve worked on similar cases?”
“Of course. In the past, without you, cases without leads could only be approached by drawing circles for visits and such. At that ti, I was always making judgnts based on cri pattern theory…”
“Is it useful?” Jiang Yuan wasn’t particularly interested in discussing pure theoretical topics but was indeed a bit curious.
“It is useful. For example, cri pattern theory suggests that the ti-space interaction of cri factors makes cri most likely to occur in areas where the activity spaces of potential criminals and potential victims overlap. I once caught a serial rapist using this thod by marking all the victims’ activity areas and then checking if the suspect had intersecting activity areas with them…”
Jiang Yuan interrupted Liu Jinghui’s endless talk: “Is it easy to do?”
Liu Jinghui was taken aback for a mont, then entered a reminiscing state. After a while, he said: “Once the area is determined, it’s all about screening and visits, eventually catching the criminal… Definitely not easy. Back when I was doing the screening, I didn’t have the support you provide now.”
Cri geography and environntal criminology, among others, are theoretical studies based on geographical factors to study cri. Further developnts include cri pattern theory, routine activity theory, rational choice theory, and cri space theory.
These theoretical things don’t really co in handy when faced with minor cases on a daily basis. Because minor cases can be left unsolved; if no leads are found, just let it go.
Most police officers only resort to using these theories, which are detached from intuition, when they encounter major cases that must be solved.
And for outside experts like Liu Jinghui, even when they go into action under the title of higher-level units, using these cri theories for case-solving, they are still regarded as scholars. Cooperation from various units might be sowhat sluggish, and if tasks are overly burdenso, mockery face-to-face is possible, and encountering missteps is also commonplace.
Jiang Yuan nodded with partial understanding.
Liu Jinghui looked at his family’s dragon with a bewildered expression and sighed: “People cannot imagine things they’ve never seen!”
“Geography indeed greatly restricts people; people are prisoners of geography.” Jiang Yuan nodded in agreent. Northern people who’ve never seen the sea find it difficult to imagine the crashing waves during a typhoon, while southern people who’ve never seen snow can hardly imagine the cold where water freezes instantly.
Liu Jinghui shook his head: “I’m talking about case-solving. Sotis when we’re handling cases outside, the things we encounter are beyond your imagination… Just like, you, with your family’s ranch, can’t imagine the strange things people might do to eat a smoked chicken.”
Jiang Yuan looked at Liu Jinghui with sympathy and curiosity.
“I’m fine.” Liu Jinghui couldn’t bear it, waved his hand, and said: “It’s all in the past. The grievances suffered while handling cases are nothing; as long as the case is solved, all efforts will be repaid manifold…”
Jiang Yuan interrupted Liu Jinghui’s words, saying: “What I an is, smoked beef can be made really delicious, sothing smoked chicken can never match. My dad makes Texas-style smoked beef at ho, which is very flavorful, using a large Arican smoker, starting in the afternoon and smoked overnight with firewood, and is eaten by noon the next day. The beef fibers have dissolved, with fully cooked beef still containing a lot of juices…”
“Wang Chuanxing, bring the map.” Liu Jinghui turned his head to call soone.
Wang Chuanxing eagerly brought over a large map, which had been kept in the trunk since they set out.
Liu Jinghui pulled Jiang Yuan aside to a less crowded restaurant, pushed several tables together, and began drawing maps on the spot.
“Let’s start with the first map, centering around the transaction location, initially setting a radius of six kiloters. How about it? Actually, three kiloters might be enough.” Liu Jinghui spoke while drawing the map.
For detectives specializing in reasoning, cri theories like geographical profiling are fundantal skills that must be mastered.
Corresponding statistical conclusions are undoubtedly the cornerstone of reasoning-based detectives.
Just like Liu Jinghui ntioned, the cri radius refers to the distance traveled by offenders. A simple understanding is that offenders tend to commit cris in familiar areas because cris in unfamiliar locations not only increase the risk of exposure but also waste the offender’s ti and energy.
Yes, offenders also have ti, energy, and financial expenditures.
What is the distance traveled? According to statistics, in most areas, the average criminal distance is within three kiloters. Specifically, the travel distance for violent assaults is generally shorter. In Sheffield, United Kingdom, statistics show 2.4 kiloters, while in Lexington, United States, it’s only 1.13 kiloters. Comparatively, pickpockets in Sheffield go as far as 4 kiloters to pickpocket, while those in Dallas, United States, travel up to 9.66 kiloters.
Similarly, the average travel distance for rapists in Washington is 1.85 kiloters, whereas in Dallas, it’s 6.28 kiloters; in Saint John, Canada, the average travel distance for robbers is only 0.69 kiloters, while Washington robbers are willing to travel 3.38 kiloters.
Regarding residential burglary, offenders in Ottawa, Canada, are willing to travel only 0.56 kiloters, while in Dallas, United States, they go 4.02 kiloters. In Sheffield and Harrow Town, London, the distances are 2.95 and 2.98 kiloters, respectively.
In summary, Canadians are quite hobound, preferring to commit cris within walking distance. The British, even in cri, maintain a moderate and rigid attitude, sticking to the global average, while Aricans are the most uninhibited, willing to travel far to commit cris, but they can be in a hurry when it cos to rape.
Liu Jinghui kept asuring the map with a ruler, then started drawing circles with a compass.
Wang Chuanxing was assisting beside him, watching for a while, and then asked, “I thought you could just draw a few 3-kiloter circles. Why are the sizes of each circle different?”
Liu Jinghui continued drawing and explained, “Because travel distance isn’t a straight line. The 3-kiloter circles you ntioned are like the shortest distance between two points on the map, which is the Euclidean distance and is not accurate enough. I am asuring the Manhattan distance, also known as taxi distance. It’s like if you want to go from one place to another, you can’t travel the shortest distance through the air; it’s the shortest distance by road, which is called Manhattan distance…”
Wang Chuanxing, who also scored highly to join the Criminal Police Brigade, recalled, “The hypotenuse of a right triangle is equivalent to the Euclidean distance, and the sum of the two legs is equivalent to the Manhattan distance.”
“That’s what it ans. So now you understand why the Euclidean distance doesn’t work?”
“Because a criminal suspect can’t travel the shortest distance, at the very least, they’d have to travel the Manhattan distance.”
Liu Jinghui shook his head and said, “Because Euclidean distance is abbreviated as ED, and ED won’t work.”
Wang Chuanxing shivered from the cold.
Soon, Liu Jinghui’s circles filled the map.
Brother Li and others had quite frequent transactions, at least dozens of them, and whether it was Brother Li or Zhipaoji, they kept records with tis noted.
Not keeping records was impossible—you couldn’t even figure out the stock and remaining amount. Discussing prices, delivery, etc., would all be problematic, and it would be easier to get fooled by subordinates.
Yuan Bomian and the others, after finishing their work, joined the crowd in the restaurant to watch.
The geographical profiling of circle upon circle was quite straightforward, and everyone could see that most of the circles intersected on three or four streets.
“Does the criminal live nearby?” Yuan Bomian was a bit uncertain, thinking this looked rather trivial.
Liu Jinghui also shook his head and said, “The criminal is definitely familiar with this area. But they might not necessarily live here. Serial offenders generally have two modes: one is the nearby plunder mode, which is those living close by; the other is the travel cri mode, targeting far from ho. This theory…”
“Regardless of the mode, the criminal is likely coming and going from this place frequently,” Jiang Yuan interrupted Liu Jinghui’s excitent, saying, “Even if the goods and people are separated, and the mastermind doesn’t deliver personally, considering the size of this case, the mastermind themselves or a close associate has to plan out each transaction location and route, which requires prior reconnaissance to familiarize themselves with the area.”
“That’s certain. I believe they need to inspect the place beforehand each ti; otherwise, the construction status around the Five-point Pavilion might change over ti,” Liu Jinghui agreed and furthered, “Here’s a bold guess: I think the criminal or their close associate, the person responsible for transportation, needs a legitimate reason to be around here—work, study, or at the very least, keeping a kept lover here.”
“This can be a direction for further screening,” Jiang Yuan agreed for now.
“And then?” Yuan Bomian, losing his patience, asked.
Jiang Yuan had been staring at the map for a while, and now he pointed to a street slightly to the east, saying, “In that case, I think we can focus on collecting surveillance footage from this street. Let’s find the footage from three days before and after each transaction date and review it.”
“This street is a main comrcial street,” Yuan Bomian, recognizing the location, felt a bit anxious and said, “There are community malls, restaurants, snack bars, and small shops along this street; it’s just too crowded.”
“It’s not that hard. It’s definitely smaller compared to the few kiloters around the Five-point Pavilion,” Jiang Yuan chuckled.
“Even if you say so…”
“The criminal will definitely have so distinctive traits,” Jiang Yuan reassured Yuan Bomian, saying, “Think about it, soone who transacts a few kilograms or even over ten kilograms of drugs at each deal, even if they don’t deliver personally, they will certainly possess so characteristics.”
“Definitely,” Yuan Bomian agreed first, then asked, “Where do you intend to start? I an, what kinds of traits?”
“For example… being wealthy?” Jiang Yuan smiled and said, “We can initially exclude everyone on that street who’s earning less than ten thousand a month. We can generally rule out the working class too.”
Yuan Bomian hesitated for two seconds and said, “I’m not doubting it; I just wonder, can wealth be so apparent?”
“The lifestyle of a working person and soone wealthy enough to be a drug dealer is noticeably different,” Jiang Yuan said, gesturing at Wang Chuanxing and then pointing at Wei Shikan, who was casually wandering near the wall, “The life state of a workhorse and a panda is naturally different.”
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